Internet of things

The application of intelligent sensors, network technologies, and machine learning in IoT and industry is increas- ingly widespread as a part of the development and implementation of Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, and Smart City. It is necessary to review the fundamental principles of metrological support for production. This includes calibration, estimation of measurement uncertainty, traceability, and processing of large data sets to reproduce and compare the results of measurements of physical quan- tities remotely.

A justified hybrid multilevel approach to IoT infrastructure implementation is set to facilitate the achievement of a scalable IoT (Internet of Things) infrastructure, incorporating integration into cloud technologies and services. The localization of hardware-software traffic management means at the lower level of the IoT infrastructure, close to data collection devices, ensures the generation of control influences in real-time, and relieves communication channels at the higher levels of the IoT infrastructure architecture.

The increasing demand for precision agriculture has prompted the integration of advanced technologies to optimize agricultural practices. This article presents an approach to agricultural field data processing using a cloud-based data pipeline. The system leverages data from various sensors deployed in the fields to collect real-time information on key parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, etc. The collected data is transmitted to the cloud where it undergoes a series of data processing and analysis stages.

Water management is crucial for agriculture, as it is the primary source of irrigation for crops.  Effective water management can help farmers to improve crop yields, reduce water waste, and increase resilience to drought.  This can include practices such as precision irrigation, using sensors and technology to deliver water only where and when it is needed, and conservation tillage, which helps to reduce evaporation and retain moisture in the soil.  Additionally, farmers can implement water-saving techniques such as crop selection, crop rotation, and soil conservation to reduce their water

Predictive maintenance is a widely applied maintenance program that requires extensive support of computer aided systems. The program uses specific procedures that are to be addressed when developing predictive maintenance software solutions. Despite the fact that software solutions for predictive maintenance were introduced almost at the same time as the program emerged, it still remains a very actual field for the application of computer aided systems.

A system of remote monitoring and automation apiary has been developed. This is a low-cost and scalable solution designed for deployment in distant rural areas. An unconventional solution is applying the industrial standard Modbus protocol to transfer data from the hives to a central server. This made it possible to reduce the cost of the system and standardize it. Monitoring the temperature and humidity inside the hives is important for analyzing the condition of bee colonies.

The concept of digital transformation is very relevant at the moment due to the epidemiological situation and the transition of the world to the digital environment. IoT is one of the main drivers of digital transformation. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the Internet, which consists of sensors, controllers, and other various devices, the so-called "things," that communicate with each other over the network.

This article proposes a cost effective IoT smart home security platform that delivers data in the cloud for applications. The smart security system includes a network for sensing home monitoring devices via wireless ISM communication, a home security system control controller with an Internet connection using a Wifi connection, and a backup method of notifying the user is implemented by SMS message via GSM cellular network, cloud server and applications for mobile phones on the Android operating system.

The  issues connected with  the use of  IoT  technologies  in  industrial enterprises are studied  in  the article.