judicial protection

The legislation governing the participation of a lawyer in the civil process of Ukraine has been analyzed. The activity of lawyers as a legal institute, which stands for the protection of citizens' rights and reflects the state and level of democracy in the country, is elaborated. Considering how stable it is, has a clear organization, is governed by the laws and is protected depends largely on the confidence of each member of society in their well-being and in the success of their business activities.

The article is devoted to the review of the notion of the principle of adversarialism and
the proof of a reasonable relationship between the competition principle, the equality of the
parties and the activity of the court in order to ensure equality of evidence of the parties’
capabilities, which should be in line with the tendencies towards the socialization of the
functions of justice.

This article is devoted to judicial mechanisms in historical types of Ukrainian customary law – pre-state law, “verv” law, “kopa” law, Carpathian law and Cossack law. The formation, composition and competence of pre-state courts, “verv” courts, “kopa” courts, assembly courts, chieftain courts, centesimal courts, regimental courts and other are analyzed. The influence of the Cossack customary law on the establishment of the Hetman state judicial system is highlighted.