The theoretical and methodological analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept and essence of federalism is carried out. The content and the system of principles of federalism with the help of modeling, typing, classification and legal and factual interpretation of theoretical and methodological approaches are examined. It is proved that the main principles of the general theoretical approach for the development of the idea of federalism in the world political and legal thought of the XX–XXI centuries are such basic components as the form of government, the state system, the federation, the confederation, centralism, unitarism, decentralization and autonomy.
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