Розглянуто проблему побутових відходів та засади національного регулювання поводження з відходами. Проаналізовано системи роздільного управління відходами.
The problem of waste and the principles of national regulation of radioactive waste.
Analyzed the system of separate waste management.
A low-temperature pyrolysis, the target product of which is pyrocondensate, is one of the options for the recycling usedtires. The fractional composition and properties of pyrocondensate of rubber waste pyrolysis obtained at an industrial plant have been studied. The pyrocondensate was separated into gasoline, diesel fraction and residue. The composition and properties of obtained productswere determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis and IR spectroscopic studies.
Today, in Ukraine, there is a problem with solid waste disposal, especially in small towns. The lack of a developed system for the collection and disposal of solid waste, the presence of natural landfills instead of equipped landfills lead to the fact that small towns are abandoned. Therefore, the creation of a new solid waste management policy is an acute problem for these towns and villages.
The paper discusses a problem of formation and search of efficient ways to recycle wastes generated by waste treatment plants, a proposed technology for their heat treatment and utilization of waste as a raw material component for the production of masonry units. High-density polyethylene is used as a binder.
Waste (tailings) of mining and processing plants of Kryvbas were studied by the stages of their magnetic enrichment. The granulometric compositions of the tailings, the amount of iron (total and magnetic) and the mass fraction of solid in them are determined. The expediency of disposing of ferruginous quartzite waste at the first stage of enrichment as a silica component in cellular concretes is proved. Optimal compositions of aerated concrete mixtures are determined based on the following criteria: the average density of cellular concrete in the dry state and its compressive strength.
In Ukraine, there is a problem of environmentally hazardous handling of used packaging of pesticides and other toxic chemicals and hazardous waste which can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The paper presents modern methods of disposal of pesticide packaging in the world and the situation in Ukraine. The Ukrainian and world environmental legislations regulating the problem of pesticide packaging management are analyzed. The scheme of processing and disposal of pesticide containers is proposed.
The regularities of compaction process of foam polystyrene plastics in the liquid mediums have been discovered. The influence of medium nature, temperature and technological characteristics of foam polystyrene (imaginary density, shredding degree) on the kinetics of gas phase release in the conditions of polystyrene segmental mobility has been determined. The design and method of calculation of the reactor for the process of foam polystyrene degazation via the continuous scheme is offered.
The formation and properties of sugar beet pulp have been analysed in the article. It has been proposed to use it as raw material to produce activated carbon. A better hydrophilicity of the obtained carbon in comparison with the samples of industrial production has been shown. Structural features and a porous structure of carbon made of sugar beet pulp have been analysed by X-ray diffraction and small angle scattering methods. It has been found that pores with average radii of inertia of 3.5 nm make the main contribution to the pore structure.
It was considered the question of accumulation and reuse of construction waste. It was proposed methods of recycling construction waste into building materials.
The essence of recycling process and characteristics of its participants are exposed in this article. Examples of advanced technologies designed to optimize the process of collecting and recycling, as well as operating Ukrainian recycling enterprises are shown. The European experience of recycling processes is covered and the example of the concept of environmental marketing adaptation of Ukrainian enterprises to ensure an effective system of waste alteration is suggested.