Indarung clay (Indarung region, Indonesia) has been successfully enriched with Ca2+ and Cu2+ ions. XRF, XRD, FTIR, and SAA analyses confirmed that calcination process had no significant effect on improving its performance so that the clay was simply heated at 383 K before use. Measurements using AAS showed that the clay is enriched with Cu2+ ions more easily than Ca2+ ions.
MgFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of Michael products by treating substituted chalcones and β-nitro styrenes with electron donar species like malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate in solvent free microwave conditions. In this study, we report that MgFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were the best heterogeneous catalyst with 10 mol % loading for synthesis of Michael products as compared to several reported catalysts. The reusability of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles was checked for 5 times without appreciable loss of catalytic activity.
The cooligomers production using С9 fraction of diesel fuel pyrolysis liquid products in the presence of silica-alumina acid type catalysts: activated palygorskite and activated bentonite clay has been investigated. Dependences between process conditions and cooligomer yield as well as between conditions and cooligomer properties have been studied. The relation between the catalysts properties and results obtained in their presence has been analyzed. The catalysts comparative analysis has been carried out.