енергоформуюче керування

Electromobility is rapidly advancing in modern society, driven by continuous development in energy storage systems, innovations in the design of highly efficient electric motors, and advancements in power electronics. This progress addresses numerous challenges for researchers while introducing new opportunities for further studies, particularly in shaping the dynamic and static characteristics of electric vehicle motors and optimizing control systems.

Nowadays, one of the main tasks is the development of alternative energy. Despite the considerable number of advantages, such sources of energy as the sun and wind are not permanent, and since these sources naturally work in "antiphase" it is advisable to use them together. Also, due to their instability, they are typically used with various types of storage systems, in particular hybrid energy storage systems, such as a combination of batteries and supercapacitors, which have better performance.