GA

In this study, we explore the intricacies of cloud computing technologies, with an emphasis on the challenges and concerns pertinent to resource allocation. Three opti- mization techniques—Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) — have been meticulously analyzed concerning their applications, objectives, and operational  methodologies. The study underscores these algorithms' pivotal role in enhancing cloud resource optimization, while also elucidat- ing their respective merits and limitations.