procurement

This study develops a scenario-based optimization model for state governance of resource provision for military operations under wartime conditions, explicitly accounting for high external turbulence, binding budget constraints, time pressure, and the risk of failing critical provision standards.  The study proposes a scenario-based and probability-driven analytical framework that ranks governance initiatives by expected effect and risk and selects an optimal portfolio of initiatives under given budget and risk constraints.  Methodologically, external turbulence is mode

The paper considers the impact of the duration of competitive bidding on the organizer's payoff.  Extending the duration of the bidding process has a two-fold effect on its results.  On the one hand, it attracts a larger number of bidders, and competition between them leads to the better price for the auctioneer.  On the other hand, such prolongation delays the receipt of money or necessary supplies, and time has value in itself.  These two conflicting factors suggest that there must be an optimal duration of the bidding process.  We propose a model that combines these