The composite section analysis of encased beams with closed shape
Plate bridges with encased beams are suitable for building bridges of a short and medium range. They have many advantages such as a low construction height, a clear static operation and a short execution time without the supporting scaffold. Their disadvantages are unthrift steel I sections used in most of the bridges of this type. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more appropriate design processes, a more efficient layout and use of steel beams.