A thorough evaluation of drinking water quality was performed for several sources in Vynnyky, Lviv region, including springs on B. Khmelnytsky and M. Kypriyan Streets, a well located at 17 K. Hrynevycheva Street, and tap water from the centralized supply system at 14 V. Sukhomlynskyi Street. The parameters analyzed encompassed total hardness, pH level, overall mineral content, as well as concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, iron, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, and electrical conductivity The analysis revealed that water from the well at 17 K. Hrynevycheva Street had the most parameters exceeding acceptable limits. Notably elevated levels of total hardness, nitrates, and overall mineralization were identified, rendering this source inappropriate for drinking without prior purification The water sample from the spring on B. Khmelnytsky Street showed an elevated iron concentration, which negatively affects the sensory qualities of the water – such as its taste and appearance – and could potentially endanger human health if consumed over an extended period. Water obtained from natural sources exhibited elevated electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids, surpassing the thresholds established by European water quality regulations. In two of the samples – specifically, the spring on M. Kipriyan Street and the well – the nitrate levels were found to be 3 to 5 times higher than the allowable values outlined in Sanitary and Epidemiological Norms 2.2.4-171-10 for drinking water. Although tap water showed the smallest deviations among the tested sources, it still failed to comply with the standards of Council Directive 98/83/EC due to excessive mineral content and high electrical conductivity.
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