carriers

Enhancing the operational efficiency of wastewater treatment plant can be achieved by increasing the biomass concentration within the reactor volume. For this purpose, the use of immobilized microorganisms on carriers has become progressively prevalent in wastewater biological treatment technologies, aiming to enhance the quality of treated water. The analysis of the characteristics biofilms on spherical, disc-shaped and wheel-shaped on carriers under the same conditions was carried out.

This study explores the effectiveness of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a carrier for essential oils (EOs), specifically d-limonene, and eugenol, within biodegradable delivery systems. Inclusion complexes were prepared via coprecipitation and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. FTIR analysis confirmed the encapsulation, indicated by the shift in the O-H stretching vibrations of β-CD and a reduction in the intensity of the C-H stretching vibrations of d-limonene, which suggests successful molecular inclusion.

Purpose: to form a general understanding of marketing management level in regard to railway transport enterprises (carriers).