цивільно-правова відповідальність

Liability of local representative bodies to legal entities and individuals: strengthening implementation mechanisms

The article investigates types of liability of local representative bodies to legal entities and individuals. The judicial and extrajudicial procedures for redress of infringed rights of businesses and individuals are analyzed. The proposals to determine reasons for liability, sanctions and implementation mechanisms that promote effective protection of human rights and interests are made.

On the notion of subsidiary liability: historically legal aspect

Subsidiary liability lies in place within the obligations that are complicated with the numerosity of individuals, it lies in place together with a partial and solidary liability. Despite the fact there exist a range of thoughts in a science of civil law on the absence of subsidiary liability, such an idea seems to be an absurd as to the fact it unables to separate liability of a major debtor from liability of a subsidiary one.