European experience

The article examines the methodology for determining the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) to assess the quality of activated sludge at treatment plants. The Sludge Biotic Index is a tool for quantitatively evaluating the functionality of sludge, allowing for monitoring and detection of critical conditions that may affect the quality of wastewater treatment. The determination of SBI is based on the analysis of the microfauna of activated sludge, where organisms are grouped into positive and negative key groups depending on their impact on the treatment process.

The research is devoted to the study of the European experience of hearing and resolving electoral disputes in the administrative justice system. The availability of a national system of effective consideration of disputes concerning legal relations related to the election or referendum process is one of the basic guarantees of free and fair elections. Ukraine is a state that is integrating into the European legal space, thus the European system of standards is of key importance.

Depending on the state of architectural object preservation and information
how it was looking in a certain historical period, a decision to preserve and restore the building
is made. It is important the building to function and to be attractive to tourists as the life that
flourishes within the object ensures the viability of the architectural object. Revival of
abandoned and forgotten architectural monuments, in particular castles in ruins, is an
extremely difficult task to realization. European experience shows that it is necessary to act by

The scientific research paper examines the European experience in the development of startup ecosystems. The definitions of scientists of the concepts “startup” and “ecosystem of startups” are given. The importance of the development of the startup ecosystem for Ukraine and possible ways to find better solutions to strengthen such development are identified.