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Corruption, as one of the most persistent social pathologies, has accompanied humanity since the emergence of the first civilizations. It arose alongside the development of social hierarchies, administrative governance, and resource distribution, becoming an integral part of the relationship between authority and society. In ancient states, corrupt practices were so prevalent that many scholars consider them a systemic factor influencing the evolution of political and legal institutions.

The article focuses on the issue of white-collar crime, examining its pervasive and harmful impact on society, especially during periods of social and political instability. White-collar crime typically involves offenses committed by individuals in high-status positions–such as business executives, government officials, and politicians–who exploit their social standing and access to resources for personal or financial gain.