invariance

The low-temperature separation (LTS) process is widely used for moisture and condensate removal in natural gas treatment and is typically controlled using local automation systems. However, the process is inherently multivariable, with strong cross-couplings between inputs and outputs, and is significantly affected by external disturbances. This study defines the control inputs as actuator signals on the gas and condensate outlet lines, while the outputs are the gas pressure and condensate level in the separator.

Aim. Solving the problem associated in using GNSS monitoring data in the ITRS to evaluate deformation of fields of the Earth in terms of elimination of invariance loss errors. Methodology and results. The problem is considered in the context of the geophysical nature of the ITRS in conjunction with the global deformation field of the Earth. The attention is focused on the consequences of deformation of the ITRS system, which manifests itself as invariance loss effects in the interpretation of deformation fields.