modified Proctor test

This study investigates the application of recycled concrete fines (RCF) as a mineral modifier and hydrated lime as a traditional stabiliser of clayey soils used in road foundations. The incorporation of RCF was shown to reduce soil plasticity and improve the compactability of loam due to the skeletal effect of inert crystalline particles. Compressive strength tests confirmed the enhanced strength of the modified mixtures. The addition of lime promoted the formation of hydraulic products, providing further gains in soil strength and stability.

Ukraine’s transition towards an energy-efficient economy, in the context of integration into the European area, represents a complex yet highly significant challenge. The post-war recovery of the country requires comprehensive modernisation of infrastructure in line with the principles of sustainable development and the standards of the European Union. Particular attention is drawn to the road construction sector, one of the most resource-intensive branches of the construction industry.