modular exponentiation

The computation of the modular exponentiation for big numbers is widely used to find the discrete logarithm, in number-theoretic transforms and in cryptographic algorithms. To efficient compute the modular exponent, new methods, algorithms and means of their implementation are being developed. There are three directions of computational method of modular exponentiation: general modular exponentiation, and computation of the modular exponentiation with a fixed exponent or with a fixed base.