органічні розчинники

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected.

One of the promising methods of such a modification is a method of galvanic replacement, which is characterized by wide possibilities of controlled influence on the morphology of the deposited nanostructured metal. The deposition of silver by galvanic replacement is most studied in aqueous solutions of AgNO3 in the presence of HF. However, the hydrolysis of formed compounds of silicon, the change in pH, and the electrical renewal of hydrogen do not always provide a controlled formation of metal nanoparticles.