EVOLUTION OF DEFENSIVE FORTIFICATIONS IN SMALL TOWNS OF VOLYN: FROM WOODEN FORTRESSES TO BASTION SYSTEMS (A CASE STUDY OF DUBNO AND KREMENETS)
The article explores the evolution of defensive fortifications in small towns of Volyn, using the examples of Dubno and Kremenets. It analyzes the transition from wooden fortifications to masonry bastion systems, influenced by changes in military strategy, construction technologies, and the political situation in the region. Significant attention is given to urban planning features, the role of fortifications in shaping city structures, and their adaptation to the natural landscape.