tradition

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in

On the basis of historical graphic materials analysis, a number of Don region sacral objects were identified as those whose style and character are undoubtedly connected with the traditions of Dnieper Ukraine architecture. The influence of the Dnieper region architecture in this region is mainly associated with the main military cathedral in Cherkassk (now Starocherkassk), but, the presented materials shows a much wider scale of this phenomenon within the framework of wooden construction.

Understanding the tradition, innovation and national identity of examples of wooden temple buildings, in particular, Ukrainian churches, certain trends are identified, which in their essence become the main ones, regarding the intensity of development in temple construction. The factors of tradition and innovation are identified as important mediums for establishing the national identity of the image of wooden temple buildings, and their expression in the modern temple-building process of creating a Christian shrine.

The article describes issues related to the shaping of architectural objects in urban spaces and in the spaces of nature, where the surroundings – context – relations with nature and the built environment constitute an important functional and spatial connection.

The article refers to the Welsh, one of nations inhabiting the area of the United Kingdom. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the specificity of Welsh nationalism, which despite strong English domination, allowed this nation to preserve its tradition, culture, language for centuries, and create a rational attempt to maintain their own identity on the British Isles. Analysis of British nationalism shows that the Welsh are most often treated as the “last in line” after Englishmen, Irishmen from North and Scots.