This article analyzes the norms of international and national legislation concerning the right of
individuals to life and health protection, through the lens of their practical implementation.
The study identifies the positive and negative aspects of the legislative regulation of the right to
protection, examines the reasons for states' non-compliance with certain international legal treaties, and
offers several remarks on the effectiveness and feasibility of the established legal provisions.
In particular, the publication emphasizes the high efficacy of the norms of the European
Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention
Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the Convention
on the Rights of the Child in light of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the
activities of UN specialized committees.
At the same time, the paper criticizes the effectiveness of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions
and their additional protocols due to the lack of proper mechanisms for their implementation and
identifies the main reasons for states' violations of the aforementioned international treaties. Among the
main issues of the implementation of the norms of these conventions, the author identifies the lack of
political will of the states, insufficient training and awareness of military personnel, non-compliance by
states with international justice mechanisms, and the lack of effective control and monitoring of
compliance with the norms of the conventions.
Additionally, based on the analysis of the practice of applying the legal rules on necessary defense,
the article highlights the urgent need to define the time limits of the defense situation and the criteria for
determining the proportionality of actions during defense at the legislative level. Furthermore, to improve
and eliminate inconsistencies between the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the
Constitution of Ukraine, the author proposes specific amendments to the Basic Law.
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