Research of Existing Methods for Determining Spatial and Frequency Parameters of Electronic Warfare (EW) Sources

Modern approaches to determining the spatial and frequency parameters of electronic warfare (EW) sources, which are crucial for ensuring the efficiency of electronic intelligence, defense, and countermeasures systems, have been studied. A classification of existing methods, covering spatial, frequency, and combined approaches, has been conducted. The features of using antenna systems, phase methods, triangulation, and correlation analysis to determine the spatial characteristics of sources have been considered. Spectral methods, including Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and wavelet analysis, for identifying frequency parameters of signals have been analyzed. Particular attention is paid to combined methods that integrate spatial and frequency analysis, as well as their application in modern electronic warfare conditions using artificial intelligence-based systems. The main advantages and limitations of each approach have been identified, and recommendations for their selection depending on tasks and usage conditions are provided. The materials of the article may be useful for developers of electronic monitoring and warfare systems, as well as for specialists engaged in research and implementation of advanced technologies in this field.