The role of the structural peculiarities of electrical conducting polymer composites (ECPC) has been considered. Different conception on the nature of the conductivity, the mechanisms of charge transfer in heterogeneous structures are presented in this review. Experimental results obtained by different scientists are only partially in concordance with existing theoretical models.
The complete similarity of reinforcement degree behaviour has been shown for nanocomposite epoxy polymer/Na+-montmorillonite and polyarylate, which is considered as the natural nanocomposite. The polyarylate structure description is given within the framework of cluster model of polymers amorphous state structure. The interfacial adhesion level influences strongly the reinforcement degree of indicated materials.
A quantitative structural model of particulate-filled polymer composites impact toughness, based on the fractal analysis ideas, was offered. The model demonstrated good correspondence with the experimental data. It has been shown that the action of nanofiller as nucleator, resulting in crystallinity degree and amorphous phase structure change, exert the main influence on impact toughness value.
The treatment of amorphous glassy polymers as natural nanocomposites is proposed. It has been shown that the geometry of intercomponent interactions nanoclusters – loosely-packed matrix defines adhesion level between the indicated components of natural nanocomposites. Since nanoclusters – loosely-packed matrix contact is realized over cylindrical surface of the first ones then the larger the indicated surface area the higher the intercomponent adhesion level.
The results of investigation for the influence of the coke quenching method on the coke reactivity were shown. Using thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy significant differences of the porous structure and peculiarities of the structure of coke carbon, which forms the pores walls in both wet and dry quenching coke, were discovered. It was established that higher reactivity of wet quenching coke is due to its higher porosity (60 % higher than that of dry quenching coke).
The conditions effect of obtaining CdS and CdSe thin films by a chemical surface deposition method (CSD) on their structural and optical properties has been studied. The optical transmission, absorption spectra and surface morphology of films and degree of phase uniformity were investigated. The content of cadmium ions in the obtained coatings by the method of voltammetry inversion was defined. The thickness of the obtained semiconductor films was calculated according to the mass of cadmium.
In this article the concept which allows to investigate the behavior of open (biological) systems by using the laws of unbalanced (classical) thermodinamics is examined. The second law of thermodynamics is applicable to open systems as well, provided that only in case of considering the whole system (continuum) “open system–environment” the total entropy will always increase.
A monomer – 2-methyl-5-phenylpentene-1-dione-3,5, its solvent metal complex Eu(III)-water, hybrid metal complex Eu(III)-phenanthroline, new metallopolymers based on them are obtained. The results of above studies have shown that the configuration of the chelate unit is unchanged during polymerization. Using the electron microscopy the homogeneity of metal distribution in the polymer matrix of synthesized metallopolymer was confirmed.
The proceeding of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate grafted polymerization on polyvinylpirrolidone has been examined in the presence of ferrum(II) sulfate. It was observed the formation of crosslinked copolymer capable to be used as a matrix for metal chemical reduction and for metal hydrogel composites obtaining. The effect of Fen+ structure and concentration on the structural parameters of the polymeric network, copolymers composition, efficiency and degree of grafting has been determined.
Enhancement of physical and mechanical properties and structuring activity of polytetrafluoroethylene as matrix of composites by means of mechanical activation is shown. Operating modes of mechanical activation equipment are defined, in which the service properties of PTFE are maximized. The effect of mechanical activation technology on restructuring and change of morphology and supramolecular structure of PTFE is detected for the first time.