proton

Physical meaning of concepts "electrical charge" and "electric field"

In physics, as in other sciences, scientific results are often presented formally, without appropriate disclosure of their physical meaning. For example, in the discussion about interacting charged bodies the meaning of charge is not discussed. It is shown that the term "electric charge" in science is conditional and has an auxiliary symbolic meaning. In reality there is a "positive" and "negative" substance in nature. There is no any charge isolated apart from the substance. In fact, in nature there are a proton and an electron as a matter.

Effect of Substituent Geometrical Parameters on the Chemical Shifts of Ortho- and Meta-Protones in 1H NMR-Spectra of Monosubstituted Benzenes

Spectral (NMR 1H) parameters of phenyl ring protons in 26 monosubstituted benzenes C6H5-Y, including benzene, have been investigated. The values of ortho-, meta- and para-protons chemical shifts, as well as differences between the values of mentioned protons absorption have been analyzed by analytical and graphical ways. The concept of ideal plots for three types of phenyl protons and substituent “voluminosity” has been introduced. The dependence of voluminosity on substituent chemical structure and influence of voluminosity on the chemical shift of ortho-protons signals were shown.