тріщинуватість

Two Holocene impact craters at Emmerting, Germany: deformation, fracturing, and their relationships to the melting and decarbonization

In two craters near Emmerting, three major processes which variably affected the original pebbles are documented in the following order: 1. Deposition of hot material which solidified to glass (usually thin and transparent) or reacted with carbonate to form expanded “pumice” on the surface of pebbles. 2. Ductile deformation of variable intensity (with limited fragile deformation but intense fracturing of mineral grains), using older as well as newly formed discontinuities; in some cases this deformation is consistent with extreme strain, rendering a human-induced origin highly improbable.

Statistical features and analysis of tectonic jointing from cretaceous-neogene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians

Purpose. Statistical features and the distribution of the data orientation over 8 000 tectonic joints from flysch and molasses deposits of Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya nappes with some statistical parameters (K, C) are demonstrated. The main system of joints and the ratio of dip angles are analyzed. Relationship between statistical features of joints, the age of rocks, the tectonic position and the geological history of the Ukrainian Carpathians are defined.  Methodology.