architecture.

The Bender fortress - the largest fortification in Moldova, consisting of a castle and a stone-earth fortress, was used by the 14th Army of the Russian Federation until 2008. Therefore for a long time, it was inaccessible for field studies, which soon revealed the contradiction between the accepted history and architecture. Two historical documents - the history of Sultan Suleiman about the construction of the fortress in 1538 and the memoirs of a traveler of the 17th century.

The historical cemetery near the Church of the Holy Spirit in Rohatyn was investigated. The analysis of damages and losses of the ensemble of the cemetery and its separate monuments is carried out. The material of tombstones has been identified, the state of preservation of their physical substance has been analyzed. Tasks and challenges related to the conservation of the cemetery as a whole and its monuments have been analyzed.

The aim of the work is to present problems related to the development of modern cities and the possibilities of activities in the sphere of architecture and urban planning. The presented material is also intended to contribute to the discussion on the role of the contemporary city and its future in connection with the processes of urbanization and changes in the social structure of European cities. Two selected groups of problems are discussed.