naturalism

In “The Construction of Human Kinds”, Ron Mallon explores how social categories such as race, gender, and sexuality are not natural facts but are formed through collective beliefs, language, and social roles. He argues that although these categories are socially constructed, they can still be real, stable, and causally powerful. The book combines philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and social theory to develop a realistic version of social constructionism. Mallon shows how treating categories as “natural” can reduce moral responsibility and sustain inequality.

In this review, a book which was written by American theoretical physicists Shon Carroll is considered. He suggests his point of view on the Universe and reality called poetic naturalism. Its main principle is realism and objectivism. The author explains his conception by supporting it with specific examples and modern researches in the field of theoretic physics. He discusses such topics as consciousness, cognition, and thinking. The main alternative for his conception he considers to be the ones which are using dualistic, theistic or idealistic notions.

The article discusses the garden by the residence in Siary near Gorlice located in the territory of former Galicia. The palace complex owned by the senator Wladyslaw Dlugosz was famous for the sophisticated style, magnificent use of genius loci, perfect setting in landscape, and scenic connections. The garden combined features typical of eclecticism and naturalism. According to family sources, it was designed by Arnold Röhring, the designer of Stryiskyi Park in Lviv.