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  3. Volume 2 · Number 1
  4. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SELF-QUOTIENT IMAGE METHODS

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SELF-QUOTIENT IMAGE METHODS

UJIT.
2020;
Volume 2, Number 1
: 8-14
https://doi.org/10.23939/ujit2020.02.008
Received: July 27, 2020
Accepted: October 25, 2020

Цитування за ДСТУ: Парубочий В. О., Шувар Р. Я. Оцінка ефективності методів самооцінювання зображення. Український журнал інформаційних технологій. 2020, т. 2, № 1. С. 08–14.

Citation APA: Parubochyi, V. O., & Shuvar, R. Ya. (2020). Performance evaluation of Self-Quotient image methods. Ukrainian Journal of Information Technology, 2(1), 08–14. https://doi.org/10.23939/ujit2020.02.008

Authors:
  1. V. O. Parubochyi
  2. R. Ya. Shuvar
1
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
2
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

Lighting Normalization is an especially important issue in the image recognitions systems since different illumination conditions can significantly change the recognition results, and the lighting normalization allows minimizing negative effects of various illumination conditions. In this paper, we are evaluating the recognition performance of several lighting normalization methods based on the Self-Quotient ImagE(SQI) method introduced by Haitao Wang, Stan Z. Li, Yangsheng Wang, and Jianjun Zhang. For evaluation, we chose the original implementation and the most perspective latest modifications of the original SQI method, including the Gabor Quotient ImagE(GQI) method introduced by Sanun Srisuk and Amnart Petpon in 2008, and the Fast Self-Quotient ImagE(FSQI) method and its modifications proposed by authors in previous works. We are proposing an evaluation framework which uses the Cropped Extended Yale Face Database B, which allows showing the difference of the recognition results for different illumination conditions. Also, we are testing all results using two classifiers: Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Linear Support Vector Classifier. This approach allows us not only to calculate recognition accuracy for each method and select the best method but also show the importance of the proper choice of the classification method, which can have a significant influence on recognition results. We were able to show the significant decreasing of recognition accuracy for un-processed (RAW) images with increasing the angle between the lighting source and the normal to the object. From the other side, our experiments had shown the almost uniform distribution of the recognition accuracy for images processed by lighting normalization methods based on the SQI method. Another showed but expected result represented in this paper is the increasing of the recognition accuracy with the increasing of the filter kernel size. However, the large filter kernel sizes are much more computationally expensive and can produce negative effects on output images. Also, we were shown in our experiments, that the second modification of the FSQI method, called FSQI3, is better almost in all cases for all filter kernel sizes, especially, if we use Linear Support Vector Classifier for classification.

lighting normalization
illumination normalization
self-quotient image
SQI
Gaussian filter
Gabor filter
Gabor quotient image
GQI
fast self-quotient image FSQI
illumination invariant face recognition
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