Performance Evaluation of ESP-NOW for Low-Latency Indoor IoT Systems
This paper presents an experimental study of communication latency in ESP-NOW wireless networks under different indoor conditions. A testbed consisting of three ESP32 devices (one master and two slave nodes) has been developed to evaluate one-way transmission delays without the use of a Wi-Fi access point. The slave nodes generate periodic sensor traffic and transmit data simultaneously, creating controlled network load conditions. A software-based time synchronization mechanism based on a message-exchange protocol has been implemented to estimate one-way latency.