An analysis of works in which the designs of dust collection devices, which are often used in industry, are studied using CFD programs has been conducted. It has been established that numerical modeling and simulation methods for predicting the operation of dust collection devices under specific conditions are most effective, as they are widely used in research on devices of this type. Using numerical modeling methods, the radial distribution of pressure, velocity, and the tangential, radial, and axial components of the gas flow velocity in a spiral direct-flow cyclone has been studied for cases of operation on both the discharge and suction lines. A comparative analysis of the tangential component of the velocity has been conducted, revealing that the key characteristics of the tangential velocity, which underpin particle separation, are preserved in both operating modes. Differences in the absolute values of the tangential component of the velocity, as well as its influence on the intensity of the vortex motion, have been identified. For the radial component of the velocity, the comparative analysis revealed that the main regularities of radial flow formation, which are critical for particle deposition on the walls, are preserved in both operating modes. Differences in the absolute values of the radial component of velocity were found for different modes, which may affect efficiency. For the axial component of the velocity, the comparative analysis showed the presence of downward and upward flows characteristic of cyclones, with the main regularities preserved in both operating modes. Differences in the absolute values of the axial component of the velocity and the intensity of the reverse flows were found. The aerodynamic resistance of the device under study was determined. It was established that at a speed in the inlet pipe of ~15 m/s, the difference in aerodynamic resistance between the operating mode on the suction line and the discharge line is about 15 Pa. With an increase in the speed to a value of ~23.5 m/s, this difference increases to more than 50 Pa. The total and fractional efficiencies of the cyclone were determined for different operating modes of the apparatus and gas flow rates. It was established that to achieve maximum efficiency of gas purification, this spiral direct-flow cyclone should be operated on the suction line and at optimal velocities in the inlet pipe of 21–24 m/s. It was determined that for particles with a size of 3–8 μm, the difference in fractional efficiency between the case when particles are considered captured if they reach the wall of the cylindrical part of the apparatus body and the case when particles are considered captured if they reach the wall of the conical part of the body is the most noticeable.
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