A combined ant colony optimization with Levy flight mechanism for the probabilistic traveling salesman problem with deadlines
In this paper, we are interested in the Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem with Deadlines (PTSPD) where clients must be contacted, in addition to their random availability before a set deadline. The main objective is to find an optimal route that covers a random subset of visitors in the same order as they appear on the tour, attempting to keep the path as short as possible. This problem is regarded as being $\sharp$P-hard. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been frequently employed to resolve this challenging optimization problem. However, we suggest an enhanc