Face-Based Engagement Detection Methods: A Review
The detection of student engagement in online learning environments has become increasingly important with the widespread adoption of e-learning platforms. This paper reviews current approaches for monitoring student engagement based on facial expressions, gaze tracking, fatigue and drowsiness detection, and multimodal systems. By analyzing facial expressions, systems can detect emotional states such as happiness, frustration, and boredom, offering real-time feedback to instructors. Gaze tracking provides insights into students focus, although challenges such as hard