The aim of the work was to improve and simplify the method of obtaining cationic starches with a high degree of substitution using triethylamine and epichlorohydrin as starting reagents, research and optimization the conditions for the process of cationation of starch by a semi-dry method. Cationic starch with ammonium fragments, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrietilammonium chloride was obtained by the interaction of an amine reagent with corn starch in the presence of NaOH by a semi-dry manner.
The amine reactant 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltriethylammonium chloride was obtained by the one-pot interaction of triethylamine with HCl followed by the reaction with epichlorohydrin in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a catalyst. Cationic starches with the degree of substitution of hydrogen atoms in OH groups of starch (DS) 0.02 ÷ 0.45 was obtained by the interaction of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrietilammonium chloride with corn starch in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to the amine reagent and the ratio of the amine reagent to starch (D-glucopiranose unite) in the starting reaction mixture on the DS was investigated. It was shown that cationized starch with the highest degree of substitution was formed at the optimal starting molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to amine reactant equal to 1,2 -2,0. Increasing the ratio of the amine reagent to starch with the sodium hydroxide content being less than optimal increases the DS significantly. The structure of the amine reagent and the cationic starch was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The content of ammonium fragments in the cationic starch was calculated on the nitrogen content determined by the Kjeldahl method. The greatest efficiency of the reaction of corn starch cationization in the investigated range from 1.0 to 6.0 was observed at the molar ratio of the amine reagent: starch = 1.0.
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