Achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly architecture is one of the main goals people have made to better life as the final model for their professional activities. Thus, moving towards greener architecture is considered the primary goal of the architecture of our time. The purpose of this study is to analyze architectural projects that have already been implemented in Middle Eastern countries in terms of their compatibility with the objective concepts of sustainability and the green standards they require. Therefore, for review and study, the purpose of this article is to discover the level of sustainability classification system such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) that can be effective in classifying current architectural projects. Studies show three concepts for analyzing contemporary architecture: 1. green, 2. false green, and 3. energy-seller. Besides, these studies have shown that some projects, although attempting to convey sustainable architecture concepts in appearance, are not sustainable. In recent stages, this paper intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the LEED classification system. In evaluating the LEED classification system, the results show that the system’s purpose is more for planning purposes than objective design goals and practical tools for analyzing the architectural design process. The analysis based on this study shows that it is necessary to use design-based patterns to move false green architecture to green architecture.
1. Agyekum, K., Kissi, E., & Danku, J.C. (2020). Professionals’ views of vernacular building materials and techniques for green building delivery in Ghana. Scientific African, 8, 00424, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00424
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00424
2. Al-Habaibeh, A., Sen, A., & Chilton, J. (2020). Evaluation Tool For The Thermal Performance of Retrofitted Buildings Using An Integrated Approach of Deep Learning Artificial Neural Networks and Infrared Thermography. Energy and Built Environment. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.06.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.06.004
3. Amiri Fard, F., & Nasiri, F. (2020). A bi-objective optimization approach for selection of passive energy alternatives in retrofit projects under cost uncertainty. Energy and Built Environment, (1), 77-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2019.11.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2019.11.005
4. Chen, G., Rong, L., Zhang, G. (2020). Numerical simulations on atmospheric stability conditions and urban airflow at five climate zones in China. Energy and Built Environment, (2020). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.07.006
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.07.006
5. Chi, B., Lu, W., Ye, M., Bao, Z., & Zhang, X. (2020). Construction waste minimization in green building: A comparative analysis of LEED-NC 2009 certified projects in the US and China. Journal of Cleaner Production, (256), 120749. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120749
.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120749
6. Cryer, B., Felder, J., Matthews, R., Pettigrew, M., & Okrent, B. (2006). Evaluating the Diffusion of Green Building Projects. Retrieved from http://personal.anderson.ucla.edu/charles.corbett/papers/ diffusion_green_building.pdf
7.Elmualim, A., Valle, R., & Kwawu, W. (2012). Discerning policy and drivers for sustainable facilities management practice. Int. J. Sust. Built Environ. 1, 16–25.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2012.03.001
8. Fan, K., Chan, E.H.W., & Chau, C.K. (2018a). Costs and Benefits of Implementing Green Building Economic Incentives: Case Study of a Gross Floor Area Concession Scheme in Hong Kong. Sustainability, 10, 2814.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082814
9. Fan, K., Chan, E.H.W., & Qian, Q.K. (2018b). Transaction costs (TCs) in green building (GB) incentive schemes: Gross Floor Area (GFA) Concession Scheme in Hong Kong. Energy Policy, (119), 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.054
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.054
10. Feng, Q., Chen, H., Shi, X., & Wei, J. (2020). Stakeholder games in the evolution and development of green buildings in China: Government-led perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, (275), 122895. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122895
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122895
11. Fu, Y., Dong, N., Ge, Q., Xiong, F., & Gong, C. (2020). Driving-paths of green buildings industry (GBI) from stakeholders’ green behavior based on the network analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, (273), 122883. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122883.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122883
12. He, L., & Chen, L. (2020). The incentive effects of different government subsidy policies on green buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 135 (2021), 110123, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110123
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110123
13. Hu, M.,Suhendri, Zhao, B., Ao, X., Cao, J., Wang, Q., Riffat, S., Su, Y., & Pei, G. (2020). Effect of the spectrally selective features of the cover and emitter combination on radiative cooling performance. Energy and Built Environment. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.06.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.06.008
14. Kong, X., Qiao, X., & Yuan, G., (2020). Investigation of thermal environment and the associated energy consumption of transportation buildings along the expressways in the cold region of China: A case study. Energy and Built Environment, (1), 278-287. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.03.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.03.004
15. Li, B., You, L., Zheng, M., Wang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2020). Energy consumption pattern and indoor thermal environment of residential building in rural China. Energy and Built Environment, (1), 327-336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.004
16. Murga, A., Long, Z., Yoo, S.-J., Sumiyoshi, E., & Ito, K. (2020). Decreasing inhaled contaminant dose of a factory worker through a hybrid Emergency Ventilation System: Performance evaluation in worst-case scenario. Energy and Built Environment, (1), 319-326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.007
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.007
17. Norouzi, N., & Kalantari, G. (2020). The sun food-water-energy nexus governance model a case study for Iran. Water-Energy Nexus, (3), 72-80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005
18. Norouzi, N., Fani, M., & Nasiri, Z. (2021). The development of a Nexus based green architecture ranking system in Iran. Civil Engineering Beyond Limits (CEBEL), 2(2).
https://doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2021.002.003
19. Norouzi, N., & Soori, M. (2020). Energy, environment, water, and land-use nexus based evaluation of the global green building standards. Water-Energy Nexus, (3), 209-224.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.10.001
20. Porumb, V.-A., Maier, G., & Anghel, I. (2020). The impact of building location on green certification price premiums: Evidence from three European countries, Journal of Cleaner Production, (2720), 122080. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122080
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122080
21. Reed, R., Bilos, A., Wilkinson, S., & Schulte, K.W. (2009). International comparison of sustainable rating tools. JOSRE J. 1, 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2009.12091787
22. Sussman, E. (2008). Reshaping Municipal and County Laws to Foster Green Building, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 16 NY U. ENVTL. LJ 1, 8.
23. Wang, L., & Zheng, D. (2020). Integrated analysis of energy, indoor environment, and occupant satisfaction in green buildings using real-time monitoring data and on-site investigation. Building and Environment, 182, 107014. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107014
24. Wu, X., Lin, B., Papachristos, G., Liu, P., & Zimmermann, N. (2020). A holistic approach to evaluate building performance gap of green office buildings: A case study in China. Building and Environment, (175), 106819. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106819
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106819
25. Yadegaridehkordi, E., Hourmand, M., Nilashi, M., Alsolami, E., Samad, S., Mahmoud, M., Alarood, A.A., Zainol, A., Majeed, H.D., & Shuib, L. (2020). Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Green Building Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 122905. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122905.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122905
26. Zhilei, L., Chow, D.H.C., De, D., Jia, Y., Yingjian, H., Hong, C., & Wei, Z. (2020). The Development and Realisation of a Multi-Faceted System for Green Building Planning: A Case in Ningbo Using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. Energy and Buildings, 110371. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110371