Process and environmental problems during waste water drainage at refineries
Refineries can generate a significant amount of wastewater that has process and non-process origins and as a rule has been a contact with hydrocarbons. Depending on the size, crude, products type and complexity of operations the characteristics of industrial wastewater can vary within wide limits. Considering that there is a shortage of available raw water in many locations, and a fact that a typical refinery produces anywhere from 0,3 to 5 m3 of wastewater per ton of crude processed, the reuse of treated refinery wastewater is increasingly coming into focus.