method of average voltages in the integration step

Synchronous machines with permanent magnets (SMPM) have become widely used in modern electric drives and generator sets due to their combination of high energy efficiency, compact size and reliability. They are characterised by increased specific power, no losses in excitation circuits and reduced energy consumption. At the same time, the fixed magnetic flux created by permanent magnets imposes specific requirements on mathematical modelling, especially when developing control algorithms and researching operating modes.