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The article deals with the main historical stages of the formation of views on the checks and balances system. Taking into account the main historical stages of the development of ideas concerning the functioning of the checks and balances system, on the basis of the historical and comparative methods, the main features of understanding the separation of powers and functioning of the checks and balances system under the specific conditions of political and legal thought development are emphasized.

The article analyzes the constitutional-legal status of the heads of governments of European countries mixed republican form of government. Attention is paid to the order of appointment, functions and powers of the heads of governments of European mixed republics. It has been illustrated the scientists’ opinions of the functioning the head of government in certain countries.