roman cement

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the use and condition of decorative elements made of Roman cement in the architecture of Lviv from 1850 to 1914. The historical prerequisites for the widespread use of this material are examined. A review of key publications and studies is presented, highlighting the chemical and technological characteristics of Roman cement, problems in the synthesis of restoration binders, and techniques for removing molds from architectural ornamentation.

For the architecture of Lviv II half 19 - the beginning of the 20th century characteristic use of roman cement as a decorative material. Thanks to this, a significant amount of sculptural decor in Lviv during this period was made using roman cement. According to various classifications, architectural decor is architectural, monumental or decorative- monumental sculpture, which in turn is divided into relief and three-dimensional sculpture. Depending on the type of sculpture, the methods of its manufacture, mounting and placement on the facade differ.

The basic problems of development of restoration materials in Europe are considered. The basic ways of optimizing the binder compositions based on roman cement and hydraulic lime are presented and the technological parameters of formation of roman cement and hydraulic lime with marl and marlaceous limestone of Galicia are determined. The possibility of the use of additives- retarders of hydration of modified binders is showed and their influence on physical and mechanical properties of the studied compositions is established.