shear strength

Ukraine’s transition towards an energy-efficient economy, in the context of integration into the European area, represents a complex yet highly significant challenge. The post-war recovery of the country requires comprehensive modernisation of infrastructure in line with the principles of sustainable development and the standards of the European Union. Particular attention is drawn to the road construction sector, one of the most resource-intensive branches of the construction industry.

Buildings often require inspection or reconstruction of reinforced concrete elements due to new regulations, technical equipment and changes in operating conditions. During reconstruction, there is a need for through openings to lay utilities and install modern engineering systems. Studies show that such openings generally reduce the strength of reinforced concrete elements.