smuggling

Abstract. The article discusses the issues of criminal law policy of the state regarding the criminalization and decriminalization of smuggling. It is noted that the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms is the primary task of the state, which is implemented through its criminal and legal policy. The main methods for implementing the state's criminal and legal policy include defining a range of socially dangerous acts that the legislator classifies as criminal (criminalization) and excluding acts from the category that are recognized as criminal (decriminalization).

Ukraine, as a modern state, faces the challenge of effectively combating smuggling, which not only leads to significant budget losses but also poses a threat to national security and economic development. This article discusses the key aspects of this problem, from the causes of smuggling of equipment to the low level of incentives for customs officers and the threats they face.

The reasons for smuggling are discussed, such as corruption, excessive customs duties and taxes, and imperfect legislation.