sources of uncertainty

Accurately estimating measurement uncertainty is crucial for reliable and meaningful results in material abrasive wear resistance testing. In general, the process of assessing uncertainty involves several steps, including identifying sources of uncertainty, determining correlations between input quantities, and calculating various types of uncertainties. Knowing the measurement uncertainty allows for: ensuring compliance with established standards, monitoring and improving the accuracy and reliability of the testing process.

The essence of uncertainty serves as an attribute of political life. It is indicated that today the issue is related to various manifestations of political uncertainty in conditions of relative stability or instability and the crisis of transitional societies. The very nature of uncertainty is influenced by various aspects: uncertainty due to the fact that it is impossible to predict values of a factor with accuracy; transformation; unpredictable behavior of participants in a conflict of interests in politics.