towers

Lviv is one of the cities in Ukraine that had a highly developed system of medieval fortifications. This system of fortifications was built in the XIII-XIV centuries, modernized many times and served until the 18th century. However, today in Lviv, only small remains of the medieval fortifications of the city center have been preserved in the form of architectural objects - several fragments of the defensive wall and only one defensive tower, which was rebuilt into a tower in the 16th century. These preserved objects belong to the so-called High defensive wall.

For several centuries, the Maniavsky Skete played the role of a significant sacred, cultural, and defensive centre of the region. The first two factors have been studied quite thoroughly, but the third one has been neglected by scholars. Therefore, the study of the defence system of the sacred abode is quite relevant.

The article is a continuation of the presentation of historic defensive structures
in the historic Chełm region (Krupe, Sielec). It was devoted to the subject of two towers built in
the shape of pyramids at the beginning of the XVIIth century. The first is the tomb chapel of
the Chełm chamberlain , Paweł Orzechowski, the owner of the property and the castle in Krupe
(Poland). The second was built as the tomb of Prince Aleksander Proński - the starost of Łuck,
the castellan of Trakai, on the Styr River in the western suburb of Beresteczko (Ukraine). These