The paper investigates heat transfer during condensation of water vapor on vertical pipes of the process condenser of the cooling system of a nuclear power unit. The numerical study was performed at different mass flow rates of steam in the range of its change from 20 kg/s to 40 kg/s. Intensification of heat exchange is provided by the use of highly efficient heat exchange profiled tubes.
The purpose of the given work lies in the studies of the atmospheric precipitable water vapour (PWV), based on the processing of aerological and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurements, as well as the comparing of PWV values, determined according to the data of aerological and GNSS stations, located both in temperate and tropical latitudes.
Aim. Identifying of reliable estimates of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) by the data of GNSS observations (remote monitoring of the troposphere) on the active reference stations of the west cross-border zone of Ukraine. Methods. The zenith tropospheric delays, and their direct link with integrated / precipitated water vapor are important products that are obtained in GNSS-meteorology. They allow to get the rapid information for numerical weather prediction.
This paper highlights the gradual steps of GNSS meteorology realization. The structure of GNSS meteorology is represented in the introduction in general. The main feature of it is that the neutral atmosphere delays the passage of GNSS signal, causing the error in the measured distance is called tropospheric delay. If in geodesy a lot of efforts have been put to reduce this error to a desired level, then for meteorology this error was used as an important source of information about the state of moisture accumulation in atmosphere and its dynamics in space and time.