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  4. Experimental Studies on Bending Cardboard by Pushing It Through a Matrix

Experimental Studies on Bending Cardboard by Pushing It Through a Matrix

КК.
2025;
Volume 48, Number 2
: pp. 96 - 106
https://doi.org/10.32403/2411-3611-2025-2-48-96-106
Authors:
  1. A. B. Kolomiiets
  2. N. M. Kandiak
  3. L. B. Holdak
  4. O. O. Kotovskii
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University
2
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
3
Lviv Polytechnic National University
4
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine

A research stand has been developed to conduct research on the phenomena that accompany the bending of cardboard / paper during the manufacture of the bottom part of food containers and containers. A universal experimental stand for studying the pro­ perties of corrugated cardboard has been adapted to another material – folding card­ board; a program of experimental research has been developed aimed at determining the linear specific load when bending a flat material by 90 degrees perpendicularly and across paper fibers. The stand consists of a frame, a stepper motor, a rack and pinion drive, a tool part, and an electronic part for controlling the drive. Force measurements were performed using strain gauges mounted on a special beam, which is attached to a moving carriage on one side and to a punch on the other side. It is possible to change the tool part in the stand. It was also possible to change the edge of the tools. Matrices and punches in the form of plates with different edges were installed in pairs. Cardboard plates with a thickness of 0.25­0.5 mm were bent into a U­shaped shape. The moving punches were given linear motion with different speeds, as well as with different laws of periodic motion.
Characteristic diagrams for bending forces were found, which represent an unequal pyramid with one or two peaks. Specific (linear) resistance forces were determined for samples with transverse and longitudinal fiber directions relative to the bending lines. The prerequisites have been created for the second stage of experimental research into bending cardboard blanks into a cup­shaped bottom for food containers. It was found that the force oscillograms look similar for different fiber directions, usually have two peak values, while increasing the speed of punch movement, the dependence has one peak; for translational movement, the specific bending force ranges from 9.69 N/mm (for cardboard with a thickness of 0.35 mm) to 25.78 N/mm (for cardboard with a thickness of 0.5 mm).

research
paper
bending
plate
force
dimensions
stand
tool
measu­ring
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