Trade Union and Strike Movements in Galicia in the Early 20th Century in Archival Materials

The aim of the study is to comprehensively analyze the formation and development of the strike movement in Galicia in the early 20th century, to clarify its socio­economic preconditions, nature, dynamics, and consequences. The research process involved a com­ bination of general scientifi and specifi historical methods, including the following: historical­comparative (comparison of strike movements in various industrial centers of Galicia and identification of common and distinctive features), historical­descriptive (reconstruction of the chronology of events related to the activities of workers’ associations and trade unions), analytical (generalization of archival materials, documents, and press of that time), sociological approach (analysis of the social composition of strike participants and the formation of collective consciousness among workers), and the method of systematic analysis (analysis of the strike movement as a component of broader socio­economic and political processes in Galicia in the early 20th century). The scientifi novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive approach to analyzing the strike movement in Galicia in the early 20th century as a socio­communicative phenomenon that combined economic, political, and cultural factors based on archival sources. The article analyzes the formation and development of the strike movement in Galicia in the early 20th century. Based on archival sources and historical facts, it highlights the active participation of workers in the struggle for better working conditions, higher wages, and social rights. Particular attention is paid to the role of trade unions in organizing mass strikes, in particular among miners in Drohobych and builders in Lviv in 1901–1902. The scale and consequences of these events, which affected various strata of the working class, from miners to service workers, are described. The process of the spread of strike movements from urban centers to rural areas is traced, which indicates the growth of social consciousness and solidarity among workers. The significance of these events for the further formation of the trade union movement and the development of the workers’ press in Galicia is emphasized. Prospects for further study lie in an in­depth investigation of the relationship between the strike and trade union movements in Galicia in the early 20th century, in particular through the analysis of little­ studied archival materials, periodicals, and personal collections of labor movement figures.