The article examines issues of international protection of human and civil rights during armed conflicts and traces the history of global efforts to ensure human rights in various military confrontations. The article also discusses new international policies aimed at protecting human rights in the context of the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. The study analyses foreign experience in the legal regulation of human rights protection during armed conflicts, with an emphasis on international humanitarian law. It highlights the development of international norms for the protection of human rights specifically in the context of armed conflict scenarios. Given the critical role of international mechanisms in protecting human rights during armed conflicts, their effectiveness is important for implementation in affected countries. Regardless of whether an armed conflict is international or non-international in nature, it poses significant threats to the realisation of fundamental rights and freedoms, in particular the most inalienable and vital human right – the right to life. It is noted that it is very important that both courts and international bodies responsible for the implementation and enforcement of these norms reaffirm the need to protect human rights in conflict situations. The condemnation of war crimes, genocide and violations of international humanitarian law demonstrates that the international community recognises the importance of protecting fundamental rights in times of war. Particular attention is paid to sanctions, which play a key role in strengthening international security in Europe, especially given the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Strategies that can increase the effectiveness of sanctions policy: a) multilateral sanctions; b) targeting individuals, including government officials and business elites, and organisations directly linked to the conflict or the aggressor; c) the introduction of economic sanctions, such as trade bans, investment restrictions and the suspension of financial transactions, etc., which could seriously affect the aggressor's economy; d) sanctions on military goods and dual-use technologies.
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