The emergence and popularization of timber in architecture are determined not merely by fashion trends, environmental concerns, or the relative affordability and efficiency of transportation, assembly, and construction, but primarily by the potential for the comprehensive utilization of wood.
The timber harvesting sector, which constitutes the initial stage of wood material production, satisfies approximately one-third of the national economy’s demand. Ukraine is among the world’s leading exporters of fuelwood; however, this also reflects the large-scale illicit export of high-quality timber. As a result, the domestic woodworking industry, deprived of premium raw materials, is forced to operate with lower-grade timber or rely on imported resources. Consequently, the full capacity and economic potential of Ukraine’s forestry sector remain underutilized.
As a natural material, wood is characterized by anisotropy, susceptibility to pests, natural defects, and sensitivity to temperature and humidity fluctuations. These factors complicate its further processing and use, necessitating the classification of timber by quality grades and fostering the development of engineered wood products and composites—such as CLT, SIP, MHM, and LVL. These technologies enable the utilization of lower-grade materials while significantly facilitating transportation, assembly, and maintenance. Residues from logging and woodworking industries are applied across a wide range of sectors, including the pulp and paper, forest chemical, furniture, construction, textile, and medical industries, as well as agriculture and energy. The emergence of a diverse array of wood-based construction materials—such as particleboard, fiberboard, MDF, and arbolite—is largely conditioned by the reuse of processing by-products from earlier stages of production. Through chemical processing, wood can be converted into protein, sugar, cellulose, fodder yeast, cardboard, ethanol, textiles, paper, oils, extracts, and other value-added products.
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