The article defines the main criteria of office buildings intelligence, describes the stages of intelligent buildings formation, analyzes the profitability of the introduction of modern technical means (engineering systems) and architectural planning techniques in office buildings.
At different stages of civilization, the concept of “technology” defines the path leading to future progress, and the rate of technology change is directly proportional to the rate of progress. Nowadays, artificial intelligence is extremely important for the functioning of modern office buildings, including the impact on the environment, resource conservation, safety, comfort and life support.
According to research based on the works of scientists such as Derek Clements-Croome, Mervi Himannen, Akin Adejimi and others, and based on the analysis of intellectual buildings of the world from the 50s of the twentieth century to the present, 4 stages of intelligent buildings formation were identified.
At the first stage (1950–1980) of the formation, separate controllers were introduced. At the second stage (1980–1995), the introduction of the “artificial intelligence” – Building Management System (BMS) – was developed and used. At the third stage (from 1995 to 2010) an intelligent building management system (IBMS) was introduced, which can independently identify threats, look for ways to achieve results and make decisions. Starting from 2010, we can highlight the fourth stage of development of the intelligent buildings, in which, in addition to the availability of the intelligent management system (IBMS), it became necessary to use approaches of sustainable architecture.
The research results indicate that the office building should be classified as an “intelligent building” if it meets the following criteria:
1. Has artificial intelligence (IBMS), which autonomously manages the building.
2. Has at least 15 thousand information points, in other words, sensors and controllers, through which information is received from controlled engineering systems about the state of equipment and the environment, the state of building structures, etc.
3. Complies with the principles of sustainable architecture, when planning and architectural techniques can minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment through energy efficiency.
The article proves that the office buildings intelligence is determined by the availability of both technological means and the optimal architectural concept, which minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment; improve energy efficiency and conditions of the building exploitation. Therefore, further research of intelligent buildings from the point of architectural view is necessary, because a modern office building must be designed with the ability to adapt to rapid changes in technology and human needs.
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