The morphology of the city is one of the areas of scientific activity that can function in the form of independent teaching in various fields of knowledge and reflect the most general natural connections and relationships that exist. In urban planning, the morphology of a city should be considered with a clearly defined cognitive object – the material structure of the city, and the subject – content and categories of morphological, theoretical and methodological tools. If the problem of the object and subject of city morphology is formulated, then the development of theoretical and methodological tools requires solving. Their content is revealed depending on the function that the morphology of the city can perform in the theory of urban planning, characteristic features, key properties and tasks that can be solved within its limits. The main functions (theoretical, cognitive and methodological), features (durability, fragmentation, depersonalization, rationality and interdisciplinarity) and properties of the theory of morphology of the city are proposed and justified. They are determined, on the one hand, by the integration of knowledge about morphology obtained at the interdisciplinary level into the theory of urban planning, and on the other – by the differentiation (fragmentation) of existing research related to the formation of the material and spatial environment of the city. The main tasks of the city morphology are identified as: 1) description of the formal features of its material structure by morphological concepts and categories; this description is the basis of all urban planning studies; 2) determination of the types of structural elements of the city by morphological feature; 3) justification of the process of forming structural elements of the city in historical retrospect. By the second and third tasks, several aspects of the phenomenon under study arise, which can be reduced to two directions of development of the city's morphology. First, the structural direction (or structural morphology) organizes knowledge about all possible manifestations of morphological types of the material structure of the city, fixed in space and based on synchronicity. The second one, historical direction (or historical morphology) focuses on the change of these types and their comparison in the process of the historical development of the city, and its methodological basis is diachrony. The essence of the processes that reflect the signs of formation, transformation and morphogenesis of the material structure of the city is clarified.
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