RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF LOW-RISE HOUSING OF THE LATE 19TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE URBAN STRUCTURE OF LVIV

In Lviv, the first half of the 20th century was marked by the formation of residential districts with different types of planning structures, building densities, and socioeconomic statuses – from elite housing to working-class neighborhoods. Today, these historical districts are areas with unique spatial characteristics and require reasonable approaches to their development and densification.

This study examines 8 districts of Lviv of different areas (from 1.9 to 275 ha) according to the following indicators: building density, type of planning structure, percentage of green areas, and the shape of the territory.

The “Vlasna Strikha” district is an example of compact linear development with 2- and 4-story buildings, with a building density of 40–45%. “Rohatka Vuletska” has a loose, dispersed structure with low-rise buildings and low density (25–30%). “Bohdanivka” developed from a suburban village, combining residential, industrial, and public functions, with low-rise buildings occupying about 50% of the area. “Sofiivka” (Novyi Lviv) demonstrates a ribbon street layout with 1–3-story buildings, with a building density of 35–40%. The “Pohulianka” (Fylipivka) district formed from country estates and formed as a low-rise area with roughly equal areas of built-up and open spaces. The “Professorska Koloniia” was created according to the “garden city” concept, with a large number of green zones; buildings occupy only 30–35% of the area. “Sihnivka” is the largest low-rise residential district, combining elements of linear and loose structures, with a density of 50–55%. “Shtillerivka” has a linear structure, with building areas around 40–45%.

Overall, these districts demonstrate a variety of urban planning solutions: from dense linear development to spacious green areas of the “garden city.” They reflect the gradual transformation of Lviv from rural settlements to a modern urban environment.

The study results indicate that the low-rise residential districts built in Lviv at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century have preserved their spatial structure and district form to this day due to “boundaries” in the form of anthropogenic and natural planning constraints.